Desalinizare
Desalinizarea este un ansamblu de procese de separare a sărurilor din apa cu o salinitate nenulă. Este un proces necesar in zonele unde nu e disponibilă apă dulce.
Desalinizarea se poate efectua prin distilare, osmoză inversă sau electrodializă inversă.[1]
În anul 2011, metrul cub de apă desalinizată costa 0,53 de dolari.[2]
Note modificare
- ^ Panagopoulos, Argyris; Haralambous, Katherine-Joanne; Loizidou, Maria. „Desalination brine disposal methods and treatment technologies - A review”. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.351.
- ^ Goana după resurse, 25 septembrie 2011, Mariana Bechir, Adevărul, accesat la 5 mai 2012
Bibliografie modificare
- en Committee on Advancing Desalination Technology, National Research Council. (2008). Desalination: A National Perspective. National Academies Press.
- en Desalination: The next wave in global water consumption from TLVInsider
- en Elimelech, M.; Phillip, W. A. (). „The Future of Seawater Desalination: Energy, Technology, and the Environment” (PDF). Science. 333 (6043): 712–717. Bibcode:2011Sci...333..712E. doi:10.1126/science.1200488. PMID 21817042. Arhivat din original (PDF) la . Significant review article.
Legături externe modificare
- Desalination: is this as good as it gets?, 5 august 2011, John Timmer, Ars Technica
- Rethinking desalination, 9 noiembrie 2007, Jonathan M. Gitlin, Ars Technica
- International Desalination Association
- Desalination timeline
- GeoNoria Solar Desalination Process Arhivat în , la Wayback Machine.
- National Academies Press|Desalination: A National Perspective
- Books around desalination
- World Wildlife Fund|Desalination: option or distraction?
- European Desalination Society
- IAEA – Nuclear Desalination
- DME e.V.– German Desalination Society
- Working principles in desalination systems
- Classification of Desalination Technologies (CDT)
- Large scale desalination of sea water using solar energy
- Desalination by humidification and dehumidification of air: state of the art Arhivat în , la Wayback Machine.
- Zonnewater – optimized solar thermal desalination (distillation)
- SOLAR TOWER Project – Clean Electricity Generation for Desalination.
- Desalination bibliography Library of Congress
- Water-Technology
- Cheap Drinking Water from the Ocean – Carbon nanotube-based membranes will dramatically cut the cost of desalination
- Solar thermal-driven desalination plants based on membrane distillation Arhivat în , la Wayback Machine.
- Encyclopedia of Water Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources
- wind-powered desalinization plant in Perth, Australia, is an example of how technology is insulating rich countries from impacts of climate change, while poor countries remain particularly vulnerable.
- The Desal Response Group Arhivat în , la Wayback Machine.
- Encyclopedia of Desalination and water and Water Resources
- Desalination & Water Reuse – Desalination news
- Desalination: The Cyprus Experience
- Desalination: The Jersey Water plant at La Rosière, Corbiere
- Desalination and Membrane Technologies: Federal Research and Adoption Issues Congressional Research Service
- Desalination Articles, Commentary and Archive - The New York Times Newspaper
- Future Desalination Technology Database