Negarea Holocaustului

Negarea Holocaustului este actul de a nega genocidul evreilor în timpul celui de-al doilea război mondial, genocid denumit de obicei Holocaust.^[1] Cei care neagă holocaustul în general susțin că: Guvernul german nazist nu a avut nicio politica oficială sau intenție de exterminare a evreilor, autoritățile naziste nu foloseau lagăre de exterminare și gazare în masă pentru a omorî evrei și că numărul real al evreilor uciși a fost semnificativ (de obicei cu un ordin de mărime) mai mic decât valoarea istorică larg-acceptată de 5 sau 6 milioane.^[2]^[3]^[4]

În 2014, conform unui studiu al companiei First International Resources, două treimi din populația lumii fie nu a auzit de Holocaust, fie îl neagă.^[5]

Negarea Holocaustului în lumea arabă modificare

Președintele iranian Mahmoud Ahmadinejad a afirmat de mai multe ori că Holocaustul este un „mit” și a sugerat că Germania și alte țări europene au oferit teritoriu pentru un stat evreiesc din cel care ar aparține Palestinei.^[6]

Legi împotriva negării Holocaustului modificare

Negarea Holocaustului este explicit sau implicit ilegală în 17 țări: Austria, Belgia, Canada, Republica Cehă, Franța, Germania, Elveția, Ungaria, Israel, Liechtenstein, Lituania, Luxemburg, Olanda, Polonia, Portugalia, România și Slovacia.^[7]

Note modificare

^ Donald L Niewyk, The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, Columbia University Press, 2000, p.45: "The Holocaust is commonly defined as the murder of more than 5,000,000 Jews by the Germans in World War II."
^ "How many Jews were murdered in the Holocaust? How do we know? Do we have their names?" Arhivat în 31 iulie 2020, la Wayback Machine., The Holocaust Resource Center Faqs, Yad Vashem website. Accessed 17 februarie 2011. See also appropriate section of the Holocaust article for the death toll.
^
Key elements of Holocaust denial:
- "Before discussing how Holocaust denial constitutes a conspiracy theory, and how the theory is distinctly American, it is important to understand what is meant by the term "Holocaust denial." Holocaust deniers, or "revisionists," as they call themselves, question all three major points of definition of the Nazi Holocaust. First, they contend that, while mass murders of Jews did occur (although they dispute both the intentionality of such murders as well as the supposed deservedness of these killings), there was no official Nazi policy to murder Jews. Second, and perhaps most prominently, they contend that there were no homicidal gas chambers, particularly at Auschwitz-Birkenau, where mainstream historians believe over 1 million Jews were murdered, primarily in gas chambers. And third, Holocaust deniers contend that the death toll of European Jews during World War II was well below 6 million. Deniers float numbers anywhere between 300,000 and 1.5 million, as a general rule." Mathis, Andrew E. Holocaust Denial, a Definition Arhivat în 9 iunie 2011, la Wayback Machine., The Holocaust History Project, 2 iulie 2004. Retrieved 18 decembrie 2006.
- "In part III we directly address the three major foundations upon which Holocaust denial rests, including... the claim that gas chambers and crematoria were used not for mass extermination but rather for delousing clothing and disposing of people who died of disease and overwork; ... the claim that the six million figure is an exaggeration by an order of magnitude—that about six hundred thousand, not six million, died at the hands of the Nazis; ... the claim that there was no intention on the part of the Nazis to exterminate European Jewry and that the Holocaust was nothing more than the unfortunate by-product of the vicissitudes of war." Michael Shermer and Alex Grobman. Denying History: : who Says the Holocaust Never Happened and why Do They Say It?, University of California Press, 2000, ISBN 0-520-23469-3, p. 3.
- "Holocaust Denial: Claims that the mass extermination of the Jews by the Nazis never happened; that the number of Jewish losses has been greatly exaggerated; that the Holocaust was not systematic nor a result of an official policy; or simply that the Holocaust never took place." What is Holocaust Denial Arhivat în 16 februarie 2005, la Archive.is, Yad Vashem website, 2004. Retrieved 18 decembrie 2006.
- "Among the untruths routinely promoted are the claims that no gas chambers existed at Auschwitz, that only 600,000 Jews were killed rather than six million, and that Hitler had no murderous intentions toward Jews or other groups persecuted by his government." Holocaust Denial Arhivat în 4 aprilie 2007, la Wayback Machine., Anti-Defamation League, 2001. Retrieved 28 iunie 2007.
^
"The kinds of assertions made in Holocaust-denial material include the following:
- Several hundred thousand rather than approximately six million Jews died during the war.
- Scientific evidence proves that gas chambers could not have been used to kill large numbers of people.
- The Nazi command had a policy of deporting Jews, not exterminating them.
- Some deliberate killings of Jews did occur, but were carried out by the peoples of Eastern Europe rather than the Nazis.
- Jews died in camps of various kinds, but did so as the result of hunger and disease. The Holocaust is a myth created by the Allies for propaganda purposes, and subsequently nurtured by the Jews for their own ends.
- Errors and inconsistencies in survivors’ testimonies point to their essential unreliability.
- Alleged documentary evidence of the Holocaust, from photographs of concentration camp victims to Anne Frank’s diary, is fabricated.
- The confessions of former Nazis to war crimes were extracted through torture." The nature of Holocaust denial: What is Holocaust denial? Arhivat în 18 iulie 2011, la Wayback Machine., JPR report #3, 2000. Retrieved 18 decembrie 2006.
^ Elena Dumitru - Doar 54% din populația lumii a auzit de Holocaust. Dintre aceștia, aproape 60% neagă genocidul sau au dubii față de el, Adevărul, 15 mai 2014
^ Holocaust Revisionism Arhivat în 25 februarie 2012, la Wayback Machine., Time
^ Lechtholz-Zey, Jacqueline: Laws Banning Holocaust Denial. Genocide Prevention Now.. Retrieved 29 septembrie 2010.

Legături externe modificare

Despre cadavrele Holocaustului - decese cauzate de tifos

Exemple de websit-uri care neagă Holocaustul modificare

Institute for Historical Review A leading Holocaust denial organization
VHO Arhivat în 9 octombrie 2017, la Wayback Machine. Vrij Historisch Onderzoek (Dutch for "Free Historical Research")
David Irving's Action Report, Website of David Irving

Rapoarte cu privire la și critici aduse negării Holocaustului modificare

The Nizkor Project – responses to Holocaust denial
The Holocaust History Project Arhivat în 19 septembrie 2004, la Wayback Machine. – documents and essays on the Holocaust and its denial
Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team (HEART)
Holocaust Denial: An Online Guide to Exposing and Combating Anti-Semitic Propaganda Arhivat în 10 februarie 2006, la Wayback Machine. Published by the Anti-Defamation League
Holocaust Denial on Trial, Documents and resources relating to the David Irving vs. Penguin Books and Deborah Lipstadt trial
Iran Holocaust Denial – Rewriting history to suit their political ends Showcasing moral contempt and opportunities to take action
An open letter by a group of Iranian academics, writers, and artists regarding the Tehran Conference on Holocaust Denial Scroll down for English text and signatures.
Holocaust Denial & The Big Lie – Jewish Virtual Library
Answers to the 66 Questions of Holocaust Deniers – Jewish Virtual Library
Holocaust Denial in Japan: Marco Polo Demonstrates Insensitivity Arhivat în 22 februarie 2012, la Wayback Machine. – Japan Policy Research Institute, JPRI Critique Vol. II No. 3: March 1995. A revisionist incident involving a major conservative Japanese media.

Mărturii audio ale supraviețuitorilor Holocaustului modificare

Audio Testimony of Dr. Walter Ziffer, Recorded 11 aprilie 2004 Dr. Walter Ziffer, the last Holocaust survivor in Asheville, North Carolina as of 11 aprilie 2004, discusses his internment in several camps, as well as the idea of Holocaust revisionism.

Negarea Holocaustului ca politică de stat modificare

What Is Behind Iran's Advocacy Of Holocaust Denial?,^{[nefuncțională]}
Holocaust denial and anti-Semitism – The Iranian case Arhivat în 27 octombrie 2007, la Wayback Machine.
Germany Moves to Silence Holocaust Deniers Across Europe
Germany's Pursuit of Holocaust Denial Resolution Hits Skids
German Holocaust Denial Case Proceeds as EU Moves on a Ban
„A Fertile Ground: the Expansion of Holocaust Denial into the Arab World”. Arhivat din originalul de la 25 iunie 2008. Accesat în 7 februarie 2009.

[definition-1] Donald L Niewyk, The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, Columbia University Press, 2000, p.45: "The Holocaust is commonly defined as the murder of more than 5,000,000 Jews by the Germans in World War II."

[2] "How many Jews were murdered in the Holocaust? How do we know? Do we have their names?" Arhivat în 31 iulie 2020, la Wayback Machine., The Holocaust Resource Center Faqs, Yad Vashem website. Accessed 17 februarie 2011. See also appropriate section of the Holocaust article for the death toll.

[Key_elements-3] Key elements of Holocaust denial:
"Before discussing how Holocaust denial constitutes a conspiracy theory, and how the theory is distinctly American, it is important to understand what is meant by the term "Holocaust denial." Holocaust deniers, or "revisionists," as they call themselves, question all three major points of definition of the Nazi Holocaust. First, they contend that, while mass murders of Jews did occur (although they dispute both the intentionality of such murders as well as the supposed deservedness of these killings), there was no official Nazi policy to murder Jews. Second, and perhaps most prominently, they contend that there were no homicidal gas chambers, particularly at Auschwitz-Birkenau, where mainstream historians believe over 1 million Jews were murdered, primarily in gas chambers. And third, Holocaust deniers contend that the death toll of European Jews during World War II was well below 6 million. Deniers float numbers anywhere between 300,000 and 1.5 million, as a general rule." Mathis, Andrew E. Holocaust Denial, a Definition Arhivat în 9 iunie 2011, la Wayback Machine., The Holocaust History Project, 2 iulie 2004. Retrieved 18 decembrie 2006.

"In part III we directly address the three major foundations upon which Holocaust denial rests, including... the claim that gas chambers and crematoria were used not for mass extermination but rather for delousing clothing and disposing of people who died of disease and overwork; ... the claim that the six million figure is an exaggeration by an order of magnitude—that about six hundred thousand, not six million, died at the hands of the Nazis; ... the claim that there was no intention on the part of the Nazis to exterminate European Jewry and that the Holocaust was nothing more than the unfortunate by-product of the vicissitudes of war." Michael Shermer and Alex Grobman. Denying History: : who Says the Holocaust Never Happened and why Do They Say It?, University of California Press, 2000, ISBN 0-520-23469-3, p. 3.

"Holocaust Denial: Claims that the mass extermination of the Jews by the Nazis never happened; that the number of Jewish losses has been greatly exaggerated; that the Holocaust was not systematic nor a result of an official policy; or simply that the Holocaust never took place." What is Holocaust Denial Arhivat în 16 februarie 2005, la Archive.is, Yad Vashem website, 2004. Retrieved 18 decembrie 2006.

"Among the untruths routinely promoted are the claims that no gas chambers existed at Auschwitz, that only 600,000 Jews were killed rather than six million, and that Hitler had no murderous intentions toward Jews or other groups persecuted by his government." Holocaust Denial Arhivat în 4 aprilie 2007, la Wayback Machine., Anti-Defamation League, 2001. Retrieved 28 iunie 2007.

[4] "Before discussing how Holocaust denial constitutes a conspiracy theory, and how the theory is distinctly American, it is important to understand what is meant by the term "Holocaust denial." Holocaust deniers, or "revisionists," as they call themselves, question all three major points of definition of the Nazi Holocaust. First, they contend that, while mass murders of Jews did occur (although they dispute both the intentionality of such murders as well as the supposed deservedness of these killings), there was no official Nazi policy to murder Jews. Second, and perhaps most prominently, they contend that there were no homicidal gas chambers, particularly at Auschwitz-Birkenau, where mainstream historians believe over 1 million Jews were murdered, primarily in gas chambers. And third, Holocaust deniers contend that the death toll of European Jews during World War II was well below 6 million. Deniers float numbers anywhere between 300,000 and 1.5 million, as a general rule." Mathis, Andrew E. Holocaust Denial, a Definition Arhivat în 9 iunie 2011, la Wayback Machine., The Holocaust History Project, 2 iulie 2004. Retrieved 18 decembrie 2006.

[5] "In part III we directly address the three major foundations upon which Holocaust denial rests, including... the claim that gas chambers and crematoria were used not for mass extermination but rather for delousing clothing and disposing of people who died of disease and overwork; ... the claim that the six million figure is an exaggeration by an order of magnitude—that about six hundred thousand, not six million, died at the hands of the Nazis; ... the claim that there was no intention on the part of the Nazis to exterminate European Jewry and that the Holocaust was nothing more than the unfortunate by-product of the vicissitudes of war." Michael Shermer and Alex Grobman. Denying History: : who Says the Holocaust Never Happened and why Do They Say It?, University of California Press, 2000, ISBN 0-520-23469-3, p. 3.

[6] "Holocaust Denial: Claims that the mass extermination of the Jews by the Nazis never happened; that the number of Jewish losses has been greatly exaggerated; that the Holocaust was not systematic nor a result of an official policy; or simply that the Holocaust never took place." What is Holocaust Denial Arhivat în 16 februarie 2005, la Archive.is, Yad Vashem website, 2004. Retrieved 18 decembrie 2006.

[7] "Among the untruths routinely promoted are the claims that no gas chambers existed at Auschwitz, that only 600,000 Jews were killed rather than six million, and that Hitler had no murderous intentions toward Jews or other groups persecuted by his government." Holocaust Denial Arhivat în 4 aprilie 2007, la Wayback Machine., Anti-Defamation League, 2001. Retrieved 28 iunie 2007.

[Assertions-4] "The kinds of assertions made in Holocaust-denial material include the following:
Several hundred thousand rather than approximately six million Jews died during the war.

Scientific evidence proves that gas chambers could not have been used to kill large numbers of people.

The Nazi command had a policy of deporting Jews, not exterminating them.

Some deliberate killings of Jews did occur, but were carried out by the peoples of Eastern Europe rather than the Nazis.

Jews died in camps of various kinds, but did so as the result of hunger and disease. The Holocaust is a myth created by the Allies for propaganda purposes, and subsequently nurtured by the Jews for their own ends.

Errors and inconsistencies in survivors’ testimonies point to their essential unreliability.

Alleged documentary evidence of the Holocaust, from photographs of concentration camp victims to Anne Frank’s diary, is fabricated.

The confessions of former Nazis to war crimes were extracted through torture." The nature of Holocaust denial: What is Holocaust denial? Arhivat în 18 iulie 2011, la Wayback Machine., JPR report #3, 2000. Retrieved 18 decembrie 2006.

[9] Several hundred thousand rather than approximately six million Jews died during the war.

[10] Scientific evidence proves that gas chambers could not have been used to kill large numbers of people.

[11] The Nazi command had a policy of deporting Jews, not exterminating them.

[12] Some deliberate killings of Jews did occur, but were carried out by the peoples of Eastern Europe rather than the Nazis.

[13] Jews died in camps of various kinds, but did so as the result of hunger and disease. The Holocaust is a myth created by the Allies for propaganda purposes, and subsequently nurtured by the Jews for their own ends.

[14] Errors and inconsistencies in survivors’ testimonies point to their essential unreliability.

[15] Alleged documentary evidence of the Holocaust, from photographs of concentration camp victims to Anne Frank’s diary, is fabricated.

[16] The confessions of former Nazis to war crimes were extracted through torture." The nature of Holocaust denial: What is Holocaust denial? Arhivat în 18 iulie 2011, la Wayback Machine., JPR report #3, 2000. Retrieved 18 decembrie 2006.

[5] Elena Dumitru - Doar 54% din populația lumii a auzit de Holocaust. Dintre aceștia, aproape 60% neagă genocidul sau au dubii față de el, Adevărul, 15 mai 2014

[6] Holocaust Revisionism Arhivat în 25 februarie 2012, la Wayback Machine., Time

[7] Lechtholz-Zey, Jacqueline: Laws Banning Holocaust Denial. Genocide Prevention Now.. Retrieved 29 septembrie 2010.

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