Rajpuți

Rajpuții (din sanscrită raja-putra, „fiu de rege”) sunt un grup mare, cu mai multe componente, de caste, grupuri familiale și locale, împărțind statutul social și ideologia descendenței genealogice din subcontinentul indian. Termenul rajpuți acoperă diferite clanuri patriliniare asociate istoric cu calitatea de războinic: mai multe clanuri revendică statutul de rajpuți, deși nu toate revendicările sunt acceptate universal. Potrivit cercetătorilor moderni, aproape toate clanurile rajpute provin din comunități țărănești sau pastorale.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Termenul „rajput” a căpătat sensul din prezent doar în secolul al XVI-lea, deși este folosit și anacronistic pentru a descrie clanurile care au luat naștere în nordul Indiei începând cu secolul al VI-lea. Termenul „rajaputra” a apărut în secolul al XI-lea ca denumire a oficialilor regali non-ereditari. Treptat rajpuții au apărut ca o clasă socială cuprinzând oameni dintr-o varietate de medii etnice și geografice. În secolele al XVI-lea și al XVII-lea apartenența la această clasă a devenit în mare parte ereditară, deși pretenții noi la statutul de rajput au fost înaintate și mai târziu. Mai multe regate guvernate de rajpuți au jucat un rol semnificativ în multe regiuni din centrul și nordul Indiei până în secolul al XX-lea.

Populația rajpută și fostele state rajpute se găsesc în nordul, vestul, centrul și estul Indiei, precum și în sudul și estul Pakistanului. Aceste zone includ Rajasthan, Haryana, Gujarat, Punjab de Est , Punjab de Vest, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh și Sindh.

Note

^ Eugenia Vanina 2012, p. 140. "Regarding the initial stages of this history and the origin of the Rajput feudal elite, modern research shows that its claims to direct blood links with epic heroes and ancient kshatriyas in general has no historic substantiation.
^ Daniel Gold (1 ianuarie 1995). David N. Lorenzen, ed. Bhakti Religion in North India: Community Identity and Political Action. State University of New York Press. p. 122. ISBN 978-0-7914-2025-6. Paid employment in military service as Dirk H. A. Kolff has recently demonstrated, was an important means of livelihood for the peasants of certain areas of late medieval north India... In earlier centuries, says Kolff, "Rajput" was a more ascriptive term, referring to all kinds of Hindus who lived the life of the adventuring warrior, of whom most were of peasant origins.
^ Doris Marion Kling (1993). The Emergence of Jaipur State: Rajput Response to Mughal Rule, 1562–1743. University of Pennsylvania. p. 30. Rajput: Pastoral, mobile warrior groups who achieved landed status in the medieval period claimed to be Kshatriyas and called themselves Rajputs.
^ André Wink (1991). Al-Hind the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: The Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest : 11Th-13th Centuries. BRILL. p. 171. ISBN 90-04-10236-1. ...and it is very probable that the other fire-born Rajput clans like the Caulukyas, Paramaras, Cahamanas, as well as the Tomaras and others who in the eighth and ninth centuries were subordinate to the Gurjara-Pratiharas, were of similar pastoral origin, that is, that they originally belonged to the mobile, nomadic groups...

[1] Eugenia Vanina 2012, p. 140. "Regarding the initial stages of this history and the origin of the Rajput feudal elite, modern research shows that its claims to direct blood links with epic heroes and ancient kshatriyas in general has no historic substantiation.

[Lorenzen1995-2] Daniel Gold (1 ianuarie 1995). David N. Lorenzen, ed. Bhakti Religion in North India: Community Identity and Political Action. State University of New York Press. p. 122. ISBN 978-0-7914-2025-6. Paid employment in military service as Dirk H. A. Kolff has recently demonstrated, was an important means of livelihood for the peasants of certain areas of late medieval north India... In earlier centuries, says Kolff, "Rajput" was a more ascriptive term, referring to all kinds of Hindus who lived the life of the adventuring warrior, of whom most were of peasant origins.

[Kling1993-3] Doris Marion Kling (1993). The Emergence of Jaipur State: Rajput Response to Mughal Rule, 1562–1743. University of Pennsylvania. p. 30. Rajput: Pastoral, mobile warrior groups who achieved landed status in the medieval period claimed to be Kshatriyas and called themselves Rajputs.

[Wink1991-4] André Wink (1991). Al-Hind the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: The Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest : 11Th-13th Centuries. BRILL. p. 171. ISBN 90-04-10236-1. ...and it is very probable that the other fire-born Rajput clans like the Caulukyas, Paramaras, Cahamanas, as well as the Tomaras and others who in the eighth and ninth centuries were subordinate to the Gurjara-Pratiharas, were of similar pastoral origin, that is, that they originally belonged to the mobile, nomadic groups...

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