Standard Oil Company
| Standard Oil Company | |
 | |
| Tip | societate pe acțiuni companie publică  |
|---|---|
| Fondată | |
| Fondator(i) | John D. Rockefeller William Rockefeller[*] Henry Morrison Flagler[*] Stephen V. Harkness[*] Samuel Andrews[*] |
| Desființată | |
| Țara |  Statele Unite ale Americii |
| Sediu | Cleveland New York City, 26 Broadway, 10004, Statele Unite ale Americii Ohio |
| Industrie | industria petrolieră manufacture of refined petroleum products[*] |
| Produse | Combustibil |
| Angajați | 60.000 () |
| Prezență online | |
Modifică date / text  | |
Standard Oil Company a fost o companie de prelucrare și distribuție a petrolului, înființată în anul 1870 în Ohio, SUA de John D. Rockefeller și asociații lui. Standard Oil Company a fost cea mai mare firmă de prelucrare din lume[1], fiind totodată una din primele și cele mai mari companii multinaționale din lume.
John D. Rockefeller a fost fondatorul, președintele și acționarul majoritar al companiei. Standard Oil a avut un succes semnificativ, iar Rockefeller a devenit cel mai bogat om din acea perioadă. Compania a fost adesea criticată datorită politicii de prețuri și tehnicilor agresive aplicate în afaceri.
În 1911, datorită acuzației de monopol formulată împotriva companiei și pe baza Legii împotriva monopolului și cartelurilor (Sherman Antitrust Act), Curtea Supremă a SUA a hotărât dizolvarea Standard Oil Company și dezmembrarea ei în 34 companii, printre succesori numindu-se Exxon și Standard Oil of New York (care a devenit compania petrolieră Mobil)[2].
Vezi și
modificareReferințe
modificareBibliografie
modificare- Bringhurst, Bruce. Antitrust and the Oil Monopoly: The Standard Oil Cases, 1890–1911. New York: Greenwood Press, 1979.
- Chernow, Ron. Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller, Sr. London: Warner Books, 1998.
- Droz, R.V. Whatever Happened to Standard Oil?, 2004. Retrieved 25 iunie 2005.
- Folsom, Jr., Burton W. John D. Rockefeller and the Oil Industry from The Myth of the Robber Barons. New York: Young America, 2003.
- Giddens, Paul H. Standard Oil Company (Companies and men). New York: Ayer Co. Publishing, 1976.
- Henderson, Wayne. Standard Oil: The First 125 Years. New York: Motorbooks International, 1996.
- Hidy, Ralph W. and Muriel E. Hidy. History of Standard Oil Company (New Jersey : Pioneering in Big Business 1882–1911). New York: Ayer Co. Publishing, 1987.
- Jones; Eliot. The Trust Problem in the United States 1922. Chapter 5; online edition Arhivat în , la Wayback Machine.
- Klein, Henry H. Dynastic America and Those Who Own It. New York: Kessinger Publishing, [1921] Reprint, 2003.
- Knowlton, Evelyn H. and George S. Gibb. History of Standard Oil Company: Resurgent Years 1911–1927. New York: Harper & Row, 1956.
- Larson, Henrietta M., Evelyn H. Knowlton and Charles S. Popple. New Horizons 1927–1950 (History of Standard Oil Company (New Jersey), Volume 3). New York: Harper & Row, 1971.
- Latham, Earl ed. John D. Rockefeller: Robber Baron or Industrial Statesman?, 1949. Primary and secondary sources.
- Manns, Leslie D. "Dominance in the Oil Industry: Standard Oil from 1865 to 1911" in David I. Rosenbaum ed, Market Dominance: How Firms Gain, Hold, or Lose it and the Impact on Economic Performance. Praeger, 1998. online edition
- Montague, Gilbert Holland. The Rise And Progress of the Standard Oil Company. (1902) online edition
- Montague, Gilbert Holland. "The Rise and Supremacy of the Standard Oil Company," Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 16, No. 2 (February, 1902), pp. 265–292 in JSTOR
- Montague, Gilbert Holland. "The Later History of the Standard Oil Company," Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 17, No. 2 (February, 1903), pp. 293–325 in JSTOR
- Allan Nevins. John D. Rockefeller: The Heroic Age of American Enterprise. 2 vols. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1940.
- Nevins, Allan. Study In Power: John D. Rockefeller, Industrialist and Philanthropist. 2 vols. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1953.
- Nowell, Gregory P. (). Mercantile States and the World Oil Cartel, 1900–1939. Cornell University Press.
- Standard Oil Company of California. Whatever happened to Standard Oil? Arhivat în , la Wayback Machine., 1980. Retrieved 25 iunie 2005.
- Tarbell, Ida M. The History of the Standard Oil Company, 1904. The famous original expose in McClure's Magazine of Standard Oil.
- Wall, Bennett H. Growth in a Changing Environment: A History of Standard Oil Company (New Jersey), Exxon Corporation, 1950–1975. New York: Harpercollins, 1989.
- Williamson, Harold F. and Arnold R. Daum. The American Petroleum Industry: The Age of Illumination, 1859–1899, 1959: vol 2, American Petroleum Industry: the Age of Energy 1899–1959, 1964. The standard history of the oil industry. online edition of vol 1
- Daniel Yergin. The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991.
Note
modificare- ^ „Exxon Mobil - Our history”. Exxon Mobil Corporation. Accesat în .
- ^ See generally Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States, 221 U.S. 1 (1911).
Legături externe
modificare
- The Dismantling of The Standard Oil Trust
- The History of the Standard Oil Company Arhivat în , la Wayback Machine. by Ida Tarbell
- Educate Yourself- Standard Oil -- Part I
- Witch-hunting Arhivat în , la Wayback Machine. for Robber Barons: The Standard Oil Story by Lawrence W. Reed—argues Standard Oil was not a coercive monopoly.
- The Truth About the "Robber Barons"—arguing that Stand Oil was not a monopoly.
- Google Books: Dynastic America and Those Who Own It, 2003 (1921), by Henry H. Klein
- Standard Oil Trust original Stock Certificate signed by John. D. Rockefeller, William Rockefeller, Henry M. Flagler and Jabez Abel Bostwick - 1882 Arhivat în , la Wayback Machine.
- Whatever happened to Standard Oil?: Pre-1911 and Post-1911 Arhivat în , la Wayback Machine.—Timeline of the various subsidiaries
- Standard Oil around the World: Post-1911 Arhivat în , la Wayback Machine.
- CHARLES A. WHITESHOT: THE OIL-WELL DRILLER.A HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S GREATEST ENTERPRISE, THE OIL INDUSTRY Publisher: MANNINGTON 1905