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Această pagină se referă la genul de jocuri video. Pentru sportul exterior, vedeți Airsoft.

Jocurile de supraviețuire sunt un subgen de jocuri video de acțiune care de obicei pun jucătorul cu un minim de obiecte necesare într-un mediu open-world, unde trebuie să adune resurse, să construiască unelte, arme și adăpost, și să supraviețuiască cât mai mult timp posibil. Multe jocuri de supraviețuire sunt bazate pe medii persistente generate întâmplător sau procedural, cele mai recente putând fi jucate online și cu mai mulți jucători pe o singură lume persistentă. Jocurile de supraviețuire sunt în general de tip deschis, fara un scop anume.

Istoric

Primul joc considerat a fi un exemplu al genului jocurilor de supraviețuire este UnReal World, creat de Sami Maaranen în 1992 și care înca este dezvoltat în prezent. Jocul a fost bazat pe o abordare roguelike, folosind grafica ASCII de care erau capabile computerele la acea vreme, și punea jucătorul în condițiile aspre ale Finlandei din Epoca Fierului. Față de roguelike-urile tradiționale unde exista un scop de atins, singurul scop al lui UnReal World a fost de a supraviețui cât mai mult posibil împotriva creaturilor sălbatice și a pericolelor create de vremea friguroasă. Wurm Online e și el considerat un predecesor timpuriu al jocurilor de supraviețuire. Ca și MMORPG, jocul îi plasa pe jucători ca și caractere într-un cadru medieval, permițându-le sa teraformeze terenul, să creeze cladiri și, efectiv, să își creeze propriile regate. Dezvoltarea inițiala a început în 2003 de către Rolf Jansson și Markus Persson. Chiar dacă Persson a plecat in jurul anului 2007, jocul continuă sa fie administrat și extins în prezent.

Persson a devenit esențial în dezvoltarea Minecraft, titlu care este considerat a fi adus popularitate genului jocurilor dr supraviețuire. Cu lansarea publică inițială în 2009, Minecraft se concentreaza pe adunarea resurselor și construire într-o lume generată procedural, jucatorii trebuind să se apere singuri noaptea.

Un alt titlu-cheie în genul jocurilor de supraviețuire este DayZ. A fost lansat inițial ca mod în 2012 pentru ARMA 2, dar din cauza popularității, a fost extins mai târziu într-un joc standalone. Jocul îi plasează pe jucători în urmările unei apocalipse zombi , fiind necesar ca personajele să evite hoardele de zombi în timp ce caută resurse printre rămășițele civilizației umane.

Ca rezultat al succesului Minecraft și DayZ, genul jocurilor de supraviețuire a început să vadă numeroase titluri lansate din 2012. Unii au considerat ca piața a devenit saturată cu multe titluri bazate pe aceeași scenă post-apocaliptică, clone ale unor jocuri mai populare, și titluri lansate ca încercări rapide de a face bani folosind modelele Early Access.

Gameplay

Survival games are considered an extension of common video game themes where the player-character is stranded or separated from others, and must work alone to survive and complete a goal. Survival games primarily focus on the survival parts of these games, and adding in elements of exploration of an open world.

Survival games are based on having the player's character survive as long as possible in a harsh environment. At the start of a game, the player is placed in the game's world with few resources. The world itself is often randomly or prodecurally generated so that players will have to explore the area to find food and other resources, with knowledge from previous games being used for visual and audio cues about where resources may be found nearby. The player-character will typically have a health bar, and can take damage from falling, starving, drowning, stepping into lava or similar deadly liquids, or being attacked by monsters that inhabit the world. Other metrics may also come into play, such as Don't Starve having both a separate hunger gauge and a sanity meter, both which if run empty will cause the death of the character. In some games, character death is not the end of the game, as the world stays persistent and the character returned to a safe point but with some penalty, such has having all their inventory at the time left where they died, or some cost of in-game money. Other survival games use permadeath, that once the character has died, the player will need to restart the game with a newly generated world. While many survival games are aimed at constantly putting the player at risk from hostile creatures or the environment, other survival games may downplay the amount of danger the player faces and instead encourage more open-world gameplay, where player-character death can still occur if the player is not careful or properly equipped.

Many survival games feature crafting systems; by combining two or more resources, the player can create a new object, which can be further used for crafting. This enables gameplay where the player can collect resources to craft new tools that enable them to access better resources that will eventually lead to better tools and weapons. A common example is creation of pick-axes of various levels of hardness, starting from wood; these allow stone to be mined but not metallic ores, but a stone pickaxe, made from collected stone, can be used to mine these ores. The same concept applies to weapons and armor, with those made out of more difficult-to-acquire materials providing better offensive and defense bonuses. Often, the crafting system includes durability factors for tools and weapons, so that after repeated uses, the tool will break and new ones created. Crafting systems may not give the player the necessary recipes for crafting, requiring this to be learned through discovery or through game guides.

There is rarely a winning condition for survival games; the challenge to the player is to last as long as possible, though some games set a goal for survival time. As such, there is rarely any significant story in these games, beyond setting up the reason why the player-character has found themselves in this situation. Some survival games provide quests to help guide the player to learn the game's survival mechanics and lead them to more dangerous areas as to acquire better resources. Because of the open-world nature and crafting systems, some open-world games can allow for user-made creations to be built. Minecraft for examples allows players to place blocks to construct crude shelters for protection, but as they gather more resources and readily survive, players can create massive structures from the game's building blocks, often modeling real-world and fictional buildings. Survival games typically feature non-replenishing resources, though the player can take steps to allow new resources to become available. For example, in Terraria, chopping down a tree will eliminate that tree from the game, but the player can replant seeds that will allow new trees to grow.

Survival games are nearly always playable as a single player, but many are designed as multiplayer experiences, with game servers hosting the persistent world that players will connect to. The open-ended nature of these games encourage players to work together to survive, but do not prevent the killing of player-characters, and in some cases, can making this a rewarding goal such being able to loot the dead character's body. This can lead to players forming alliances, constructing fortified structures and working together to protect themselves from both the dangers presented by the game's world and from other player-characters. Survival games are often closely related to the survival horror genre, in which the player must survive within a setting based on the supernatural, such as a zombie apocalypse.

Many survival games are presented in the first-person perspective to help immerse the player in the game. Other titles have taken other methods of presentation: games like Terraria and Starbound are presented as two-dimensional side views, while Don't Starve uses sprites rendered in a three-dimensional isometric projection. Further, while survival games are considered action games, there are other genres that feature the survival theme, such as turn-based role-playing games Dead State and NEO Scavenger, and the first-person shooter, story-driven S.T.A.L.K.E.R. series. Survival mechanics, particularly resource gathering, hunting, and crafting, have also become elements of other genres, such as 2013's Tomb Raider and the Far Cry series.

Lista jocurilor de supraviețuire

An	Titlu	Dezvoltator(i)	Platforme	Observații
1992	UnReal World	Enormous Elk	Microsoft Windows
1994	Robinson's Requiem	Silmarils	Microsoft Windows, Atari Falcon, Atari ST, Amiga
1999	Survival Kids	Konami	Game Boy, Game Boy Color
2003	Stranded	Unreal Software	Microsoft Windows
2005	Pathologic	Ice-Pick Lodge	Microsoft Windows	Un remake stabilit pentru toamna lui 2016
2011	Terraria	Re-Logic	Microsoft Windows
2011	Minecraft	Mojang	Microsoft Windows, OS X, Linux, Android, iOS, Windows Phone, Xbox 360, Xbox One, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita, Raspberry Pi, Universal Windows Platform, Wii U
2012	I Am Alive	Ubisoft Shanghai șiDarkworks	Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360, Playstation 3
2012	Infestation: Survivor Stories	Hammerpoint Interactive	Microsoft Windows	Anterior cunoscut ca WarZ
2012	Miasmata	IonFX	Microsoft Windows
2013	DayZ (mod)	Dean Hall	Microsoft Windows	Mai târziu lansat ca joc standalone
2013	Don't Starve	Klei Entertainment	Microsoft Windows, OS X, Linux	Don't Starve Together a fost lansat mai târziu
2013	Day One: Garry's Incident	Wild Games Studio	Microsoft Windows	A stârnit controverse
2013	How to Survive	EKO Software	Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, Xbox One, Wii U
2013	Starbound	Chucklefish Games	Microsoft Windows	Stadiu Beta
2013	Rust	Facepunch Studios	Microsoft Windows	Stadiu Alpha
2013	7 Days to Die	The Fun Pimps	Microsoft Windows, OS X, Linux	Stadiu Alpha
2014	FarSky	Farsky Interactive	Microsoft Windows, OS X, Linux
2014	The Forest	Endnight Games	Microsoft Windows	Stadiu Alpha
2014	The Long Dark	Hinterland	Microsoft Windows, OS X, Linux	Stadiu Alpha
2014	Miscreated	Entrada Interactive	Microsoft Windows	Stadiu Alpha
2014	Rising World	JIW-Games	Microsoft Windows, OS X, Linux
2014	Subnautica	Unknown Worlds Entertainment	Microsoft Windows, OS X	Stadiu Alpha
2015	Stranded Deep	BEAM Team Games	Microsoft Windows, OS X, Linux	Stadiu Alpha
2015	Savage Lands	DigitalDNA Games	Microsoft Windows, OS X, Linux	Stadiu Alpha
2015	Dyscourse	Owlchemy Labs	Microsoft Windows, OS X, Linux
2015	Out of Reach	Space Boat Studios	Microsoft Windows, OS X, Linux	Stadiu Alpha
2015	Life is Feudal: Your Own	Bitbox	Microsoft Windows	Stadiu Alpha
2015	Hurtworld	Bankroll Studios	Microsoft Windows, OS X	Stadiu Alpha
2015	Reign Of Kings	Bankroll Studios	Microsoft Windows, OS X	Stadiu Alpha
2016	Better Late Than DEAD	Odin Game Studio	Microsoft Windows, OS X, PlayStation 4
2016	The Culling	Xaviant Games	Microsoft Windows	Stadiu Alpha
2016	H1Z1: Just Survive	Daybreak Game Company	Microsoft Windows	Stadiu Alpha
2016	H1Z1: King of the Kill	Daybreak Game Company	Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, Xbox One
2016	Ark: Survival Evolved	Studio Wildcard / Instinct Games	Microsoft Windows, OS X, Linux, PlayStation 4, Xbox One	Stadiu Alpha
2016	We Happy Few	Compulsion Games	Microsoft Windows, OS X, Linux, Xbox One
2016	No Man's Sky	Hello Games	Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4
2016	Fragmented	Above and Beyond Technologies	Microsoft Windows	Acces timpuriu

Referințe

Category:Jocuri video după gen