Wikipedia

Liberalism clasic

Liberalismul clasic este o ideologie politică și o ramură a liberalismului care pledează pentru libertățile civile în contextul domniei legii, cu un accent pe libertatea economică. Strâns legat de libertarianism și de liberalismul economic,[1][2] el s-a dezvoltat în secolul al XIX-lea, bazându-se pe idei din secolul anterior, ca răspuns la urbanizare și la Revoluția Industrială din Europa și Statele Unite ale Americii.[3] Printre persoanele de seamă ale căror idei au contribuit la liberalismul clasic se numără John Locke,[4] Jean-Baptiste Say, Thomas Malthus și David Ricardo. El se baza pe ideile economice expuse de Adam Smith în Cartea 1 din Avuția Națiunilor și pe credința în dreptul natural,[5] utilitarism[6] și progres⁠(d).[7]

Note modificare

  1. ^ Richard Hudelson (1999). Modern Political Philosophy. pp. 37–38.
  2. ^ M. O. Dickerson et al. (2009). An Introduction to Government and Politics: A Conceptual Approach. p. 129.
  3. ^ Conway. p. 296.
  4. ^ Steven M. Dworetz (1994). The Unvarnished Doctrine: Locke, Liberalism, and the American Revolution.
  5. ^ Joyce Appleby⁠(d) (1992). Liberalism and Republicanism in the Historical Imagination. p. 58.
  6. ^ Gerald F. Gaus and Chandran Kukathas⁠(d) (2004). Handbook of Political Theory. p. 422.
  7. ^ Hunt. p. 54.

Bibliografie modificare

  • John Gray⁠(d) (1995). Liberalism. Minneapolis. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN: 0-8166-2800-9.
  • Alan Bullock⁠(d) and Maurice Shock⁠(d), ed. (1967). The Liberal Tradition: From Fox to Keynes. Oxford. Clarendon Press.
  • Epstein, Richard A. (). The Classical Liberal Constitution: The Uncertain Quest for Limited Government. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674724891. 
  • Conway, David (). „Liberalism, Classical”. În Hamowy, Ronald. The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications⁠(d); Cato Institute⁠(d). pp. 295–298. doi:10.4135/9781412965811.n179. ISBN 978-1-4129-6580-4. LCCN 2008009151. OCLC 750831024. 
  • Katherine Henry (2011). Liberalism and the Culture of Security: The Nineteenth-Century Rhetoric of Reform. University of Alabama Press; draws on literary and other writings to study the debates over liberty and tyranny).
  • E. K. Hunt (2003). Property and Prophets: the Evolution of Economic Institutions and Ideologies. New York. M. E. Sharpe, Inc. ISBN: 0-7656-0608-9.
  • John T. Ishiyama and Marijike Breuning (2010). 21st Century Political Science: A Reference Handbook, Volume 1. London, England. SAGE Publications. ISBN: 1-4129-6901-8.
  • Donald Markwell⁠(d) (2006). John Maynard Keynes and International Relations: Economic Paths to War and Peace. Oxford, England. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780198292364.
  • Alan James Mayne (1999). From Politics Past to Politics Future: An Integrated Analysis of Current and Emergent Paradigmss. Westport, Connecticut. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN: 0-275-96151-6.
  • John Mills (2002). A Critical History of Economics. Basingstoke, England. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN: 0-333-97130-2.
  • Gustav Pollak, ed. (1915). Fifty Years of American Idealism: 1865-1915; short history of The Nation⁠(d) plus numerous excerpts, most by Edwin Lawrence Godkin⁠(d).
  • James L. Richardson (2001). Contending Liberalisms in World Politics: Ideology and Power. Boulder, Colorado. Lynne Rienner Publishers. ISBN: 1-55587-939-X.
  • Michael J. Turner (1999). British Politics in an Age of Reform. Manchester, England. Manchester University Press. ISBN: 0-7190-5186-X. 9780719051869.
  • Andrew Vincent (2009). Modern Political Ideologies (Third Edition). Chichester, England. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN: 1-4051-5495-0. ISBN: 978-1-4051-5495-6.
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