Nume de cod al Serviciului Secret
Serviciul Secret al Statelor Unite folosește nume de cod pentru președinții SUA, primele doamne și alte persoane și locații importante.[1] Utilizarea unor astfel de nume a fost inițial în scopuri de securitate și datează unei perioade în care comunicațiile electronice sensibile nu erau criptate în mod regulat; astăzi, numele servesc pur și simplu în scopuri de concizie, claritate și tradiție.[2][3] Serviciul Secret nu alege însă aceste nume. Agenția de Comunicații de la Casa Albă menține o listă din care aleg candidații, alegând adesea pe cele care rezonează cu ei personal.[4]
Conform unui protocol stabilit, numele de cod bune sunt cuvinte lipsite de ambiguitate care pot fi ușor pronunțate și ușor înțelese de cei care transmit și primesc mesaje vocale prin radio sau telefon, indiferent de limba maternă. În mod tradițional, numele de cod ale tuturor membrilor familiei încep cu aceeași literă.
Numele de cod se schimbă în timp din motive de securitate, dar sunt adesea cunoscute publicului. Din motive de securitate, numele de cod sunt, în general, alese dintr-o listă de cuvinte "bune", evitându-se însă utilizarea unor cuvinte comune care ar putea fi interpretate în sensul definițiilor lor normale.
Președinții și familiile lor
modificare- Woodrow Wilson
- Edith Wilson – Grandma[5]
- Franklin D. Roosevelt
- Eleanor Roosevelt – Rover[6]
- Harry S. Truman – General or Supervise[7][8]
- Bess Truman – Sunnyside[7][8]
- Dwight Eisenhower – Scorecard or Providence[7][8][9]
- Mamie Eisenhower – Springtime[7][8][9][10]
- David Eisenhower – Sahara[10]
- John F. Kennedy – Lancer[7][8][9]
- Jacqueline Kennedy – Lace[7][8][9][11]
- Caroline Kennedy – Lyric[9]
- John F. Kennedy, Jr. – Lark[12]
- Rose Kennedy – Coppertone[7]
- Ethel Kennedy – Sundance[7]
- Lyndon Johnson – Volunteer[7][8][9]
- Lady Bird Johnson – Victoria[7][8][9][13]
- Lynda Bird Johnson – Velvet[9][14]
- Luci Baines Johnson – Venus[7][9]
- Richard Nixon – Searchlight[7][8][9][10]
- Pat Nixon – Starlight[7][9]
- Patricia Nixon Cox – Sugarfoot[10][15]
- Edward F. Cox – Seminole[10]
- Julie Nixon Eisenhower – Sunbonnet[10][15]
- Gerald Ford – Passkey[7][8] or Pass Key[9]
- Betty Ford – Pinafore[7][9][16]
- Susan Ford – Panda[7][9][17]
- Michael Ford – Professor[9]
- Jack Ford – Packman[9]
- Jimmy Carter – Dasher, care a fost schimbat[18] cu Deacon[8][9] sau Lock Master[7]
- Rosalynn Carter – Lotus Petal[7] sau Dancer[8][9]
- Amy Carter – Dynamo[9][19]
- Chip Carter – Diamond[7]
- Jack Carter – Derby[7]
- Jeff Carter – Deckhand[7]
- Ronald Reagan – Rawhide[7][8][9][20]
- Nancy Reagan – Rainbow[7][8][9]
- Maureen Reagan – Rhyme,[7] Rosebud[7][21]
- Michael Reagan – Riddler[7][21]
- Patti Davis – Ribbon[7][9]
- Ron Reagan – Reliant[7][9]
- Doria Reagan – Radiant[7][9]
- George H. W. Bush – Timberwolf[7][8][9]
- Barbara Bush – Snowbank[7][22] or Tranquility[8][9]
- Marvin Bush – Tuner[7]
- Neil Bush – Trapline[7]
- Jeb Bush – Tripper[7]
- Dorothy Bush – Tiller[7]
- Bill Clinton – Eagle[8][9]
- Hillary Clinton – Evergreen[8][9]
- Chelsea Clinton – Energy[9]
- Roger Clinton Jr. - no code name, press claimed was Headache[8][23]
- George W. Bush – Tumbler,[7][8][24] later Trailblazer[8][9][20]
- Laura Bush – Tempo[7][9][20]
- Barbara Bush – Turquoise[7][8][25]
- Jenna Bush – Twinkle[7][8]
- Barack Obama – Renegade[7][20]
- Michelle Obama – Renaissance[7][20][26]
- Malia Obama – Radiance[8][20][27]
- Sasha Obama – Rosebud[8][20][27]
- Marian Shields Robinson – Raindance[28]
- Donald Trump – Mogul[29][30]
- Melania Trump – Muse[30]
- Donald Trump Jr. – Mountaineer[31]
- Ivanka Trump – Marvel[32]
- Eric Trump – Marksman[31]
- Jared Kushner – Mechanic[33]
- Joe Biden – Celtic[7][8][34]
- Jill Biden – Capri[7][8]
- Hunter Biden – Captain[35]
- Spiro Agnew – Pathfinder
- Judy Agnew – Photograph
- Nelson Rockefeller – Sandstorm[36]
- Happy Rockefeller – Shooting Star sau Stardust[36]
- Walter Mondale – Cavalier[37]
- Joan Mondale – Cameo[37]
- Ted Mondale – Centurion
- Eleanor Mondale – Calico
- William Mondale – Chessman
- Dan Quayle – Scorecard sau Supervizor
- Marilyn Quayle – Sunshine
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- Al Gore – Sundance or Sawhorse
- Dick Cheney – Angler
- Lynne Cheney – Author[40]
- Elizabeth Cheney – Apollo[41]
- Mary Cheney – Alpine
- Mike Pence – Hoosier
- Karen Pence – Hummingbird
- Kamala Harris – Pioneer[42]
Candidații politici și soții lor
modificareNumele de cod ale Serviciului Secret al SUA sunt adesea date candidaților politici de profil înalt (cum ar fi candidații la președinție și vicepreședinție), precum și familiile și soții acestora cărora li se acordă protecția Serviciului Secret al SUA. Aceste nume de cod diferă adesea de cele deținute anterioar.
1968
modificare- Eugene McCarthy – Instructor
1972
modificare- George McGovern – Redwood[43]
1976
modificare- Jimmy Carter – Dasher or Deacon[44]
- Bob Dole – Ramrod[45][46]
- Elizabeth Dole – Rainbow[45][46]
- Morris Udall – Dashboard[47]
1980
modificare- John B. Anderson – Miracle, Starburst or Stardust
- Keke Anderson – Scarlet[48]
- George H. W. Bush – Sheepskin (During 1980 Campaign)[49]
- Phil Crane – Swordfish
- Ted Kennedy – Sunburn[50]
1984
modificare- Geraldine Ferraro – Duster[51]
- John Zaccaro – N/A (Declined Secret Service Protection)[52]
- John Glenn – Iron[53]
- Jesse Jackson – Thunder[45][51][53][54]
- Walter Mondale – Dragon[51][53]
1988
modificare- Lloyd Bentsen – Parthenon[55]
- Michael Dukakis – Peso
- Kitty Dukakis – Panda[55]
- Jesse Jackson – Pontiac[54]
- Gary Hart – Redwood
- Paul Simon – Scarlett[56]
1996
modificare- Bob Dole – Patriot[57]
- Elizabeth Dole – Pioneer
- Jack Kemp – Champion[55]
- Joanne Kemp – Cornerstone[58]
2000
modificare- Joe Lieberman – Laser[55][59]
- Hadassah Lieberman – Liberty[60]
2004
modificare- John Kerry – Minuteman[61]
- Teresa Heinz Kerry – Mahogany[61]
- John Edwards – Speedway[55]
2008
modificare- John McCain – Phoenix[62]
- Cindy McCain – Parasol[50][62]
- Meghan McCain – Peter Sellers (Peter)[63]
- John Sidney McCain IV – Popeye[63]
- Bridget McCain – Pebbles[63]
- Sarah Palin – Denali[64]
- Todd Palin – Driller[64]
2012
modificare- Mitt Romney – Javelin[50][65]
- Ann Romney – Jockey[66]
- Rick Santorum – Petrus[50][65]
- Newt Gingrich – T-Rex[67]
- Paul Ryan – Bowhunter[50][68]
- Janna Ryan – Buttercup[50][68]
2016
modificare- Ben Carson – Eli
- Tim Kaine – Daredevil[55]
- Anne Holton – Dogwood[69]
- Bernie Sanders – Intrepid[70]
2020
modificare- Bernie Sanders – Intrepid[70]
- Donald Trump – Mogul[71]
- Kamala Harris – Pioneer[72]
Oficiali guvernamentali
modificare- Kennedy Administration
- Cabinet
- Secretary of State Dean Rusk – Freedom[73]
- Staff
- Rear Adm. George Burkley (Physician to the president) – Market[73][74]
- Senior military aide General Chester Clifton – Watchman[73]
- Associate Press Secretary Andrew Hatcher – Winner
- Assistant Press Secretary Malcolm Kilduff – Warrior[73]
- Personal secretary Evelyn Lincoln – Willow[73]
- Air Force aide Godfrey McHugh – Wing[73]
- Special assistant and appointments secretary Kenneth O'Donnell – Wand[73]
- Naval aide Captain Tazewell Shepard – Witness[73]
- White House secretary Priscilla Wear – Fiddle[75]
- White House secretary Jill Cowen – Faddle[75]
- Cabinet
- Lyndon Johnson Administration
- Nixon Administration
- Cabinet
- Secretary of State and National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger – Woodcutter[77]
- His wife, Nancy Kissinger – Woodlark[78]
- Secretary of State and National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger – Woodcutter[77]
- Staff
- White House photographer Ollie Atkins – Hawkeye
- Gulf Coast Regional Chairman James Baker – Fencing Master or Foxtail
- Deputy Assistant to the President Dwight Chapin – Watchdog
- Domestic Affairs Advisor Kenneth Reese Cole Jr. – Spectator
- John Ehrlichman – Wisdom
- White House aide Tim Elbourne – Snapshot
- Secretary of State Alexander Haig – Claw Hammer
- White House Chief of Staff H. R. Haldeman – Welcome
- Assistant to Haldeman Lawrence Higby – Semaphore
- Air Force aide James D. Hughes – Red Barron
- Communications Director Herbert G. Klein – Witness
- Dr. William Lukash (Physician to the president) – Sawhorse[37]
- Senior assistant Clark MacGregor – Whipcrack
- Assistant for Legislative Affairs William Timmons – Windowpane
- Dr. Walter Tkach (Physician to the president) – Signature
- Director of the White House Office of Presidential Advance, later Director of the National Park Service, Ronald H. Walker – Roadrunner
- Personal secretary Rose Mary Woods – Strawberry
- Press Secretary and Assistant to the President Ron Ziegler – Whale Boat
- Presidential spokesman Ken W. Clawson – Thunderstorm[79]
- Cabinet
- Ford Administration
- Staff
- Press Secretary Ron Nessen – Clam Chowder
- Deputy Chief of Staff, later Chief of Staff, Dick Cheney – Backseat[80]
- Staff
- Carter Administration
- Cabinet
- Secretary of State Cyrus Vance – Fade Away[37]
- Secretary of Defense Harold Brown – Finley[37]
- Staff
- National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzeziński – Hawkeye[37]
- Director of the Office of Management and Budget Bert Lance – Dumbo[81]
- Cabinet
- Reagan Administration
- Attorney General William French Smith – Flivver
- Secretary of Education Terrel Bell – Foxcraft
- George W. Bush Administration
- Scott McClellan – Matrix (generic name for White House press secretary)[82]
- Chief of Staff Andy Card – Potomac, later Patriot
- Chief of Staff Josh Bolten – Fatboy
- Secretary of Labor Elaine Chao – Firebird
- Obama Administration
- Trump Administration
- Senior Counselor to the President Kellyanne Conway – Blueberry[85]
Alți indivizi
modificare
- Israel
- Prime Minister Menachem Begin – Cedar
- Hasia Begin Milo – Crystal
- Prime Minister Menachem Begin – Cedar
- Commonwealth realms
- Queen Elizabeth II – Kittyhawk,[36] Redfern[86]
- King Charles III – Principal or Unicorn[36]
- United States
- Senator Howard Baker (R-Tennessee) – Snapshot[87]
- Actor Antonio Banderas – Zorro[88]
- Congressman and Speaker of the House Thomas P. "Tip" O'Neill – Flag Day[37]
- Florida banker and businessman, confidant of President Nixon, Bebe Rebozo – Christopher
- Social secretary to First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, and mistress to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Lucy Mercer Rutherfurd – Mrs. Johnson[89]
- Singer and actor Frank Sinatra – Napoleon[90]
- Senator Strom Thurmond (R-South Carolina) – Footprint
- Vatican
- Pope John Paul II – Halo
Locații, obiecte și locuri
modificareNumele de cod ale Serviciului Secret al SUA nu sunt date numai oamenilor; acestea sunt adesea date unor locuri, locații și chiar obiecte, cum ar fi aeronave precum Air Force One și vehicule precum Presidential State Car .
- Joint Base Andrews, in Prince George's County, Maryland – Acrobat or Andy[91]
- The Presidential Motorcade – Bamboo[91]
- The Harry S Truman Building (Sediul Departamentului de Stat) – Birds-eye[91]
- Camp David, retragere prezidențială în Catoctin Mountain Park, în Frederick County, Maryland – Cactus[91] or Buckeye
- The Vice President's office – Cobweb[91]
- The Vice President's staff – Pacemaker[91]
- The Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, New York City – Roadhouse[91]
- Air Force One – Angel or Cowpuncher[91]
- Mașina prezidențială – Stagecoach[36]
- Follow-up car – Halfback[36]
- Casa Albă – Castle (Coroana referindu-se la Executive Mansion, reprezentanța centrală și spațiile de birouri ale Casei Albe)
- The Capitol – Punch bowl[92]
- Sala de ședințe a Casei Albe – Cement Mixer[92]
- Eisenhower Executive Office Building (parte a complexului Casei Albe) – Central[93]
- Aeroportul Național Reagan – Curbside[92]
- Reședința temporară a președintelui – Charcoal or Base[93]
- Pentagonul – Calico[93]
- Garajul Casei Albe – Carpet[93]
- J. Edgar Hoover Building (FBI Headquarters) – Cork[93]
- Lyndon Baines Johnson's ranch – Volcano[93]
În ficțiune
modificareÎn cultura populară, practica de atribuire a numelor de cod este adesea folosită pentru a oferi verosimilitudine în lucrări fictive despre ramura executivă sau figuri guvernamentale de rang înalt.
- 1600 Penn
- First Son Standrich "Skip" Gilchrist Jr. – Meatball[94]
- Air Force One
- President James Marshall – Boy Scout
- The American President
- President Andrew Shepherd – Liberty[95]
- Chasing Liberty
- First Daughter Anna Foster – Liberty[96]
- Designated Survivor
- President Tom Kirkman – Phoenix (formerly Glasses during his time as Secretary of Housing and Urban Development)[97]
- First Daughter (2004 film)
- First Daughter Samantha Mackenzie – Lucky Charm[98]
- First Kid
- House of Cards
- President Claire Underwood - Lone Star
- In the Line of Fire
- The President – Traveler[100]
- Jericho
- President Jon Tomarchio – Condor
- The Prodigal Daughter
- President Florentyna Kane – Baroness[101]
- Scandal
- The Sentinel
- Squeeze Me
- Tom Clancy's novels
- Unnamed President in Clear and Present Danger – Wrangler[107]
- President Jack Ryan in Debt of Honor and Executive Orders – Swordsman[108]
- George Winston (Secretary of the Treasury) in Executive Orders – Trader[111]
- Benjamin Goodley (National Security Advisor) in Executive Orders – Cardsharp[112]
- Arnold Van Damm (White House Chief of Staff) in Executive Orders and The Bear and the Dragon – Carpenter[110]
- Callie Weston (Chief Speechwriter) in Executive Orders and The Bear and the Dragon – Calliope[110]
- Scott Adler (Secretary of State) in Executive Orders and The Bear and the Dragon – Eagle[113]
- The West Wing
- Red, White and Royal Blue
- First Son Alexander Claremont-Diaz — Barracuda
- First Daughter June Claremont-Diaz — Bluebonnet
- The Night Agent
- Maddie Redfield (VP Daughter) — Badger
- Omar Zadar (PIF leader) — Osprey
Note
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- ^ „Candidate Code Names Secret Service Monikers Used on the Campaign Trail”. RSSattr=Politics_4452073. CBS News. . Accesat în .
- ^ „Obama's Secret Service Code Name Revealed”. Eurweb. . Arhivat din original la . Accesat în .
- ^ Huppke, Rex W. (). „'Renegade' joins 'Twinkle,' 'Rawhide,' 'Lancer' on list of Secret Service code names”. Chicago Tribune. Accesat în .
- ^ Flynt, Larry; Eisenbach, David (). One Nation Under Sex: How the Private Lives of Presidents, First Ladies and Their Lovers Changed the Course of American History. ISBN 9780230120358.
- ^ „(PBS) FDR transcript”. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în .
Eleanor Roosevelt hurled herself into the war effort with all the energy that she had brought to the New Deal. During the course of the war, she traveled the world, visiting American soldiers everywhere. The Secret Service gave her the code name "Rover."
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq Scher, Steven (). The Secret Service of Alan Kahn. pp. 160–166. ISBN 9781450026413.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Kessler, Ronald (). In the President's Secret Service: Behind the Scenes with Agents in the Line of Fire and the Presidents They Protect
. Crown Publishing Group. ISBN 9780307461353.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Walsh, Kenneth T. (). „Appendix”. Air Force One: A History of the Presidents and Their Planes. Hyperion. p. 227. ISBN 1-4013-0004-9.
- ^ a b c d e f Anne Collins Walker (). China Calls: Paving the Way for Nixon's Historic Journey to China. ISBN 978-1568332666.
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- ^ „Saskatoon Star-Phoenix - Google News Archive Search”. news.google.com. Accesat în .
- ^ „Lynda Out of the Woods”. Accesat în .[nefuncțională – arhivă]
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- ^ Bird, Kai (). The Outlier: The Unfinished Presidency of Jimmy Carter. New York: Crown. p. 156. ISBN 9780451495235. Citing Kraft, Tim (). Unpublished diary. Diary folder Kraft papers, Kai Bird.
- ^ Watson, Robert P (). Life in the White House: A Social History of the First Family and the President's House. SUNY Press. p. 111. ISBN 9780791485071.
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- ^ a b Reagan, Maureen (septembrie 2001). First Father, First Daughter. Little, Brown and Company. p. 329. ISBN 0-316-73636-8.
- ^ Sawler, Harvey (). Saving Mrs. Kennedy. General Store Publishing House. p. 73. ISBN 1-897113-10-2.
- ^ Watson, Robert. "Life in the White House: A Social History of the First Family and The President's House". State University of New York Press, 2004, p. 125.
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- ^ Woodward, Bob (). Bush at War: Inside the Bush White House . Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-0473-6.
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- ^ Obama, Michelle (). Becoming. ISBN 978-1524763152.
- ^ Henry, Ed (). „Just call him 'Mogul' – Trump getting Secret Service code name”. Fox News.
- ^ a b „Here are the Secret Service codenames for Trump, Pence”. CNN. . Accesat în .
- ^ a b „How Trump's Eldest Children Have Been Handling the WH Transition”. ABC News. . Accesat în .
- ^ „Kamala Harris Secret Service Code Name Revealed”. Huffington Post. .
- ^ „The Trump family's Secret Service code names”. qz.com.
- ^ Schor, Elana (). „What's in a (Secret Service code) name”. The Guardian. London. Accesat în .
- ^ Fung, Katherine (). „Secret Service Speaks Out About Hunter Biden Jail Sentence name”. Newsweek. Accesat în .
- ^ a b c d e f Petro, Joseph; Jeffrey Robinson (). Standing Next to History: An Agent's Life Inside the Secret Service. Macmillan. p. 52. ISBN 0-312-33221-1.
- ^ a b c d e f g Jerald F. TerHorst; Ralph Albertazzie (). The flying White House: the story of Air Force One. Bantam Books. ISBN 9780698109308.
- ^ „What's In A Code Name? It's Not Much Of A Secret”. Orlando Sentinel. . Arhivat din original la . Accesat în .
- ^ „Part 3 – By Karenna Gore”. Slate. . Accesat în .
- ^ Keyes, Alexa (). „Top Not-So- Secret Service Codenames”. ABC News. Accesat în .
- ^ William M. Arkin (). American Coup: How a Terrified Government Is Destroying the Constitution. Little, Brown. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-316-25125-9.
- ^ Pengelly, Martin (). „Kamala Harris reportedly chooses apt Secret Service code name: Pioneer”. The Guardian (în engleză). ISSN 0261-3077. Accesat în .
- ^ „The last days of George McGovern?”. The Village Voice. .
- ^ „Carter character and career analyzed anew”. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în .
- ^ a b c „Harlan Daily Enterprise - Google News Archive Search”. news.google.com. Accesat în .
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- ^ „Texas Next: Can Carter win there?”. Spokane Daily Chronicle. .[nefuncțională – arhivă]
- ^ a b c d e f „11 Great Secret Service Code Names”. Time. Accesat în .
- ^ a b c „Duster: Women can do anything”. The Southeast Missourian. .
- ^ „Personality Spotlight:John Zaccaro: Husband of Geraldine Ferraro”. UPI. .
- ^ a b c „The Windsor Star - Google News Archive Search”. news.google.com. Accesat în .
- ^ a b „Herald-Journal - Google News Archive Search”. news.google.com. Accesat în .
- ^ a b c d e f The Fix-Here are the 2016 candidates’ Secret Service code names — and your own
- ^ „Codename: Scarlett”. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în .
- ^ „High Season For the Secret Service (Published 1996)”. The New York Times. Arhivat din original la .
- ^ „ON THE SIDELINES”. Chicago Tribune. Arhivat din original la .
- ^ „Lieberman Gets D.c. Dough”. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în .
- ^ „Aboard The Estrogen Express”. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în .
- ^ a b „CNN Transcript, Aired July 29, 2004”. Accesat în .
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- ^ a b c „Twitter / McCainBlogette: my dad was Phoenix, mom Parasol”. Twitter.com. Accesat în .
- ^ a b „Palin Code Name: 'Denali'”. The Washington Post. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în .
- ^ a b Ambinder, Marc (). „Exclusive: GQ Reveals Romney's and Santorum's Secret Service Code Names”. GQ. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în .
- ^ Ambinder, Marc (). „How the Secret Service Said Goodbye to Mitt Romney”. GQ. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în .
- ^ Martin Bashir Aired on April 27, 2012
- ^ a b Ambinder, Marc (). „Exclusive: GQ Reveals Paul Ryan's Secret Service Code Name!”. GQ. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în .
- ^ „Anne Holton '80 talks failure, hope and humility at Princeton commmencement”. Princeton University. . Accesat în .
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- ^ Bustillo, Ximena (). „Witness recalls Trump lunging for the wheel when told he couldn't go to the Capitol”. NPR. Accesat în .
- ^ „First on CNN: Kamala Harris chooses 'Pioneer' as her Secret Service code name”. CNN. .
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Manchester, William (). The Death of a President: November 20 – November 25, 1963. ISBN 978-0316370721.
- ^ „Reading Eagle - Google News Archive Search”. news.google.com. Accesat în .
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- ^ McClellan, Scott (). What Happened: Inside the Bush White House and Washington's Culture of Deception. Public Affairs. ISBN 978-1-58648-556-6.
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- ^ „Lawrence Journal-World - Google News Archive Search”. news.google.com. Accesat în .
- ^ „Top Not-So- Secret Service Codenames”. ABC News (în engleză). Accesat în .
- ^ Wallance, Gregory J. (). „Sex and the Secret Service”. Los Angeles Times. Accesat în .
- ^ Loizeau, Pierre-Marie (). Nancy Reagan: The Woman Behind the Man. Nova Publishers. p. 91. ISBN 1-59033-759-X.
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- ^ „'Squeeze Me' proves that the Trump era is Carl Hiaasen's moment”. Accesat în .
- ^ „Snakes of all kinds populate Carl Hiaasen's 'Squeeze Me'”. Accesat în .
- ^ Clancy, Thomas (august 1990) [1989]. „12. The Curtain on SHOWBOAT”. Clear and Present Danger (ed. Large Print). Thorndike, Maine: Thorndike Press. pp. multiple, incl. p. 391. ISBN 0-89621-930-5.
- ^ Clancy, Thomas (). Executive Orders. Putnam. pp. multiple. ISBN 0-399-14218-5.
- ^ a b c d Clancy, Thomas (). Executive Orders. Putnam. p. 212. ISBN 0-399-14218-5.
- ^ a b c Clancy, Thomas (). Executive Orders. Putnam. p. 482. ISBN 0-399-14218-5.
- ^ Clancy, Thomas (). Executive Orders. Putnam. p. 557. ISBN 0-399-14218-5.
- ^ Clancy, Thomas (). Executive Orders. Putnam. p. 527. ISBN 0-399-14218-5.
- ^ Clancy, Thomas (). Executive Orders. Putnam. p. 131. ISBN 0-399-14218-5.
- ^ „The West Wing Transcripts – Episode 102”. Accesat în .
- ^ „The West Wing Transcripts – Episode 108”. Accesat în .
- ^ „The West Wing Transcripts – Episode 509”. Accesat în .
- ^ a b „The West Wing Transcripts – Episode 110”. Accesat în .
- ^ „The West Wing Transcripts – Episode 509”. Accesat în .
- ^ „The West Wing, Episode 7.03, LiveDash TV Transcript”. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în .
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