Guvernul Republicii Spaniole în Exil

Spania

Gobierno de la República Española en el exilio

1939 – 1977


Drapel	Stemă

Deviză națională

Plus ultra

Imn național

Himno de Riego

Capitală

Madrid

Limbă

limba spaniolă

Guvernare

Formă de guvernare

Republică

Președinte

- 1939-1940

Diego Martínez Barrio

- 1940-1977

José Maldonado Gonzalez

Istorie

Epoca istorică

Perioada interbelică/Războiul Rece

Guvernul Republicii Spaniole în Exil (în spaniolă Gobierno de la República Española en el exilio) a fost o continuare în exil al guvernului celei de A Doua Republici Spaniole în urma victoriei forțelor lui Francisco Franco în Războiul Civil Spaniol. A existat până la reinstaurarea democrației parlamentare în 1977.^[1]

Istoria

În urma căderii Republicii în Aprilie 1939, Președintele (Manuel Azaña) și Prim Ministrul (Juan Negrín) au căutat exil în Franța. Azaña a demisionat din post și a murit în Noiembrie 1940. A fost urmat de Președintele Diego Martínez Barrio, care a fost Prim Minstru în 1936. În urma Ocupării Franței, guvernul s-a reconstituit în Mexic, care sub Președintele de stânga Lázaro Cárdenas a continuat să recunoască republica, deși Negrín a petrecut ani de război la Londra. Negrín a demisionat din funcția de prim-ministru în 1945 și a fost succedat de José Giral.^[2]

Până în 1945, Republicanii exilați au avut marea speranță că la finalul celui de Al Doilea Război Mondial, Regimul lui Franco v-a fi dat jos de la putere de Aliații victorioși și că vor putea să se întoarcă în Spania. Când aceste speranțe au fost dezamăgite, guvernul în exil a dispărut într-un rol pur simbolic. Guvernul s-a întors la Paris în 1946. Au mai fost un Guvern Basc în exil și un Guvern Catalan în exil.^[3]

În perioada imediat de după război, a avut relații diplomatice cu Mexic,Panama,Guatemala,Venezuela,Polonia,Cehoslovacia,Ungaria,Iugoslavia,România și Albania. Dar Statele Unite, Regatul Unit și Uniunea Sovietică nu au recunoscut guvernul.

În urma morții lui Franco în 1975, Regele Juan Carlos a inițiat tranziția la democrație. În 1977 Republicanii Exilați au acceptat reîntoarcerea monarhiei și au recunoscut guvernul lui Juan Carlos ca fiind guvernul legitim al Spaniei. Momentul cheie a venit atunci când liderii socialiști Felipe González și Javier Solana l-au întâlnit pe Juan Carlos la Palatul Zarzuela din Madrid - o aprobare tacită a monarhiei de către socialiștii republicani anterior, neclintiți.^[4]

La 1 iulie 1977, Guvernul Republicii Spaniole a fost dizolvat oficial. Într-un gest de reconciliere, Juan Carlos i-a primit pe liderii exilaților la o ceremonie la Madrid.^[5]

Note

^ The Government of the Spanish Republic in exile (Spanish: Gobierno de la República Española en el exilio) was a continuation in exile of the government of the Second Spanish Republic following the victory of Francisco Franco's forces in the Spanish Civil War. It existed until the restoration of parliamentary democracy in 1977.
^ Following the fall of the Republic in April 1939, the President (Manuel Azaña) and Prime Minister (Juan Negrín) went into exile in France. Azaña resigned his post and died in November 1940. He was succeeded as President by Diego Martínez Barrio, who had been Prime Minister in 1936. Following the Occupation of France, the government was reconstituted in Mexico, which under the left-wing President Lázaro Cárdenas continued to recognise the Republic, although Negrín spent the war years in London. Negrín resigned as Prime Minister in 1945 and was succeeded by José Giral.
^ Until 1945, the exiled Republicans had high hopes that at the end of World War II in Europe, Franco's regime would be removed from power by the victorious Allies and that they would be able to return to Spain. When these hopes were disappointed, the government-in-exile faded away to a purely symbolic role. The government moved back to Paris in 1946. There was also a Basque government in exile and a Catalan government in exile.
^ In the immediate postwar period it had diplomatic relations with Mexico, Panama, Guatemala, Venezuela, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Romania, and Albania. But the United States, the United Kingdom, France and the Soviet Union did not recognise it. Following Franco's death in 1975, King Juan Carlos initiated a democratic transition. In 1977 the exiled Republicans accepted the re-establishment of the monarchy and recognised Juan Carlos' government as the legitimate government of Spain. The key moment came when Socialist leaders Felipe González and Javier Solana met Juan Carlos at Zarzuela Palace in Madrid–a tacit endorsement of the monarchy by the previously staunchly republican Socialists.
^ On 1 July 1977, the Government of the Spanish Republic was formally dissolved. In a gesture of reconciliation, Juan Carlos received the exile leaders at a ceremony in Madrid.

[1] The Government of the Spanish Republic in exile (Spanish: Gobierno de la República Española en el exilio) was a continuation in exile of the government of the Second Spanish Republic following the victory of Francisco Franco's forces in the Spanish Civil War. It existed until the restoration of parliamentary democracy in 1977.

[2] Following the fall of the Republic in April 1939, the President (Manuel Azaña) and Prime Minister (Juan Negrín) went into exile in France. Azaña resigned his post and died in November 1940. He was succeeded as President by Diego Martínez Barrio, who had been Prime Minister in 1936. Following the Occupation of France, the government was reconstituted in Mexico, which under the left-wing President Lázaro Cárdenas continued to recognise the Republic, although Negrín spent the war years in London. Negrín resigned as Prime Minister in 1945 and was succeeded by José Giral.

[3] Until 1945, the exiled Republicans had high hopes that at the end of World War II in Europe, Franco's regime would be removed from power by the victorious Allies and that they would be able to return to Spain. When these hopes were disappointed, the government-in-exile faded away to a purely symbolic role. The government moved back to Paris in 1946. There was also a Basque government in exile and a Catalan government in exile.

[4] In the immediate postwar period it had diplomatic relations with Mexico, Panama, Guatemala, Venezuela, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Romania, and Albania. But the United States, the United Kingdom, France and the Soviet Union did not recognise it. Following Franco's death in 1975, King Juan Carlos initiated a democratic transition. In 1977 the exiled Republicans accepted the re-establishment of the monarchy and recognised Juan Carlos' government as the legitimate government of Spain. The key moment came when Socialist leaders Felipe González and Javier Solana met Juan Carlos at Zarzuela Palace in Madrid–a tacit endorsement of the monarchy by the previously staunchly republican Socialists.

[5] On 1 July 1977, the Government of the Spanish Republic was formally dissolved. In a gesture of reconciliation, Juan Carlos received the exile leaders at a ceremony in Madrid.

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