^Portuguese ethnicity is more clear-cut than Spanish ethnicity, but here also, the case is complicated by the rădăcini portugheze of populations in the former colonial empire. Portugal has 11 million nationals. The 42 million figure is due to a study estimating a total of an additional 31 million descendants from Portuguese grandparents; these people would be eligible for Portuguese citizenship under Portuguese nationality law (which grants citizenship to grandchildren of Portuguese nationals). Emigração: A diáspora dos portuguesesArhivat în , la Wayback Machine. (2009)